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Definition
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is a vine whose leaves and flowers are widely used in Europe to make a herbal remedy for anxiety and insomnia. The plant, which is native to the tropical regions of North America, was first used by the Aztecs of Mexico as a folk remedy for these conditions. Passionflower is also [...]
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Definition
Paroxetine is an antidepressant of the type known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It is sold in the United States under the brand name Paxil.
Purpose
Paroxetine is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of depression and for the following anxiety disorders: obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, [...]
Definition
Parent management training (PMT) is an adjunct to treatment that involves educating and coaching parents to change their child’s problem behaviors using principles of learning theory and behavior modification.
Purpose
The aim of PMT is to decrease or eliminate a child’s disruptive or inappropriate behaviors at home or school and to replace problematic ways of acting with [...]
Definition
People with paranoid personality disorder (PPD) have long-term, widespread and unwarranted suspicions that other people are hostile, threatening or demeaning. These beliefs are steadfastly maintained in the absence of any real supporting evidence. The disorder, whose name comes from the Greek word for “madness,” is one of ten personality disorders described in the 2000 edition [...]
Definition
Paranoia is a symptom in which an individual feels as if the world is “out to get” him or her. When people are paranoid, they feel as if others are always talking about them behind their backs. Paranoia causes intense feelings of distrust, and can sometimes lead to overt or covert hostility.
Description
An individual suffering from [...]
Definition
Panic disorder is a condition in which the person with the disorder suffers recurrent panic attacks. Panic attacks are sudden attacks that are not caused by a substance (like caffeine), medication, or by a medical condition (like high blood pressure), and during the attack, the sufferer may experience sensations such as accelerated or irregular heartbeats, [...]
Definition
Panic attacks, the hallmark of panic disorder, are discrete episodes of intense anxiety. Panic attacks can also be experienced by people with specific phobia, social phobia, or by people who have used or consumed certain substances, such as cocaine.
Description
Panic attacks are intense anxiety experiences that are usually accompanied by symptoms in the affected person’s body [...]
Definition
Pain disorder is one of several somatoform disorders described in the revised, fourth edition of the mental health professional’s handbook, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(known asDSM-IV-TR). The term “somatoform” means that symptoms are physical but are not entirely understood as a consequence of a general medical condition or as a direct effects [...]
Definition
Oxazepam is a member of a family of tranquilizers known as benzodiazepines. It is sold in the United States under the brand name Serax and in Canada under the brand name Ox-Pam. Generic forms of oxazepam are also available.
Purpose
Oxazepam is prescribed to treat feelings of tension and anxiety. It is also used to calm patients [...]
History of theories about mental illness
Mental illness in the ancient world
Over the history of the healing arts, there has been an evolution of theories regarding the root causes of mental illness. Early writings from such ancient civilizations as those of Greece, Rome, India, and Egypt focused on demonic possession as the cause. This concept eventually [...]