Definition Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a disorder found primarily in children and adolescents. It is characterized by negative, disobedient, or defiant behavior that is worse than the normal “testing” behavior most children display from time to time. Most children go through periods of being difficult, particularly during the period from 18 months to three [...]
Definition Opioids are a class of drugs that include both natural and synthetic substances. The natural opioids (referred to as opiates) include opium and morphine. Heroin, the most abused opioid, is synthesized from opium. Other synthetics (only made in laboratories) and commonly prescribed for pain, such as cough suppressants, or as anti-diarrhea agents, include codeine, [...]
Definition Olanzapine is classified as an atypical antipsychotic drug. It is available in the United States under the brand names Zyprexa and Zyprexa Zydis. Purpose Olanzapine is used to treat schizophrenia, to control manic episodes of bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder), or to treat dementia related to Alzheimer’s disease. Description Olanzapine is thought to modify the [...]
Definition Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a type of personality disorder marked by rigidity, control, perfectionism, and an overconcern with work at the expense of close interpersonal relationships. Persons with this disorder often have trouble relaxing because they are preoccupied with details, rules, and productivity. They are often perceived by others as stubborn, stingy, self-righteous, [...]
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Definition Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is currently classified as an anxiety disorder marked by the recurrence of intrusive or disturbing thoughts, impulses, images or ideas (obsessions) accompanied by repeated attempts to suppress these thoughts through the performance of certain irrational and ritualistic behaviors or mental acts (compulsions). The obsessions and compulsions take up large amounts of [...]
Definition An obsession is an unwelcome, uncontrollable, and persistent idea, thought, image, or emotion that a person cannot help thinking even though it creates significant distress or anxiety. Description Obsessive ideas seem unnatural or alien to those who have them, but are nevertheless recognized as originating from the person’s own thoughts—they are not seen as [...]
Definition Obesity is the condition of having an excessive accumulation of fat in the body, resulting in a body weight more than 20% above the average for height, age, sex, and body type, and in elevated risk of disability, illness, and death. Description The human body is composed of bone, muscle, specialized organ tissues, and [...]
Definition Zolpidem is classified as a hypnotic drug. These drugs help people sleep. In the United States, zolpidem is available as tablets under the brand name of Ambien. Purpose Zolpidem is a drug that is used to treat insomnia. Zolpidem is especially helpful for people who have trouble falling asleep. However, once individuals have fallen [...]
Definition Ziprasidone is a drug used to treat schizophrenia. It is available with a prescription under the brand name Geodan. Purpose Ziprasidone is in a class of drugs called antipsychotics. It is used to control symptoms of schizophrenia. Description The United States Food and Drug Administration approved ziprasidone for treatment of schizophrenia in 2001. Mental [...]
Definition Zaleplon is classified as a hypnotic drug. These drugs help people sleep. Zaleplon is available in the United States as the brand name drug Sonata. Purpose Zaleplon is a drug that is used to treat short-term insomnia, and it can be habit-forming. Description The United States Food and Drug Administration approved Zaleplon in 1999 [...]