Definition Person-centered therapy, which is also known as client-centered, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is an approach to counseling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a nondirective role. Purpose Two primary goals of person-centered therapy are increased self-esteem and greater openness to experience. [...]
Definition Long-standing, deeply ingrained patterns of social behavior that are detrimental to those who display them or to others. Description Personality disorders constitute a separate diagnostic category (Axis II) in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM). Unlike the major mental disorders (Axis I), which are characterized by periods of illness [...]
Definition Perphenazine is a phenothiazine antipsychotic used to treat serious mental disorders. It has also been used to treat severe nausea and vomiting. It is sold in the United States under the brand name Trilafon and is also available under its generic name. Purpose Perphenazine is used to treat psychotic disorders and severe nausea and [...]
Definition Pemoline is classified as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It is sold in the United States under the brand names Cylert and PemADD and is also available under its generic name. Purpose Pemoline is used in combination with psychological, educational, and social support for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Description Pemoline is [...]
Definition Peer groups are an important influence throughout one’s life, but they are more critical during the developmental years of childhood and adolescence. There is often controversy about the influence of a peer group versus parental influence, particularly during adolescence. Recent studies show that parents continue to have significant influence, even during adolescence, a reassuring [...]
Definition Pedophilia is a paraphilia that involves an abnormal interest in children. A paraphilia is a disorder that is characterized by recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies generally involving: nonhuman objects; the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner (not merely simulated); or animals, children, or other nonconsenting persons. Pedophilia is also [...]
Definition Pathological gambling disorder occurs when a person gambles compulsively to such an extent that the wagering has a severe negative effect on his or her job, relationships, mental health, or other important aspects of life. The person may continue to gamble even after they have developed social, economic, interpersonal, or legal problems as a [...]